BACKGROUND: The Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL subunit consists of three domains linked via two hinge regions. and each domain is responsible for a specific role in the functional mechanism. Here. we have used circular permutation to study the structural and functional characteristics of the GroEL subunit. https://safeersappliancers.shop/product-category/cda-ff881sc-280-litre-freestanding-upright-freezer-185cm-tall-frost-free/